Protein Kinase D In Keratinocyte Maturation
dc.contributor.author | Dodd, M. Ernest | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2015-02-20T16:16:30Z | |
dc.date.available | 2015-02-20T16:16:30Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2004-08 | en |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10675.2/344626 | |
dc.description | The file you are attempting to access is currently restricted to Augusta University. Please log in with your NetID if off campus. | |
dc.description.abstract | The epidermis is important for the body's maintenance of water homeostasis and resistance to environmental stress, and the m ajor cell type of the epidermis is the keratinocyte. Keratinocyte maturation requires proliferation, followed by terminal differentiation, and diseases of the skin often exhibit deregulated epidermal maturation. Protein kinase D (PKD) expression correlates with proliferation in keratinocytes, and PKD activation occurs in response to mitogen stimulation in other cell types. W e have hypothesized that PKD functions as a pro-proliferative and/or anti-differentiative signal in primary mouse keratinocytes and have predicted that agents that stimulate differentiation might also initiate a reduction in PKD expression and/or activation to allow differentiation to proceed. Thus, changes in PKD levels, autophosphorylation and activity were analyzed upon treatment with differentiating agents and with 1 2 -0 - tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, TPA, which stimulates differentiation acutely and proliferation chronically. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 -, elevated extracellular calcium-, and acute TPA-induced differentiation down-modulated PKD levels and autophosphorylation at serine 916. In addition, elevated extracellular calcium- and acute TPA-induced differentiation down-modulated PKD activity. Chronic TPA treatment stimulated proliferation and caused a recovery o f PKD levels, autophosphorylation and activity. In co-transfection experiments in keratinocytes, co-expression of PKD increased and decreased the promoter activities of keratin 5, a marker of proliferation, and involucrin, a marker of differentiation, respectively, and opposed the effects of elevated extracellular calcium on the expression of these markers. W hile cloning PKD for expression studies, we identified a splice variant of PKD, PKD{3, which is differentially spliced in a region important in activation and subcellular localization. Therefore, we hypothesized that this splice variant may have dissimilar activation properties and/or alternate roles in keratinocyte maturation. However, in vitro activation studies demonstrated equal activation of PK D a (full length) and PKDj3 by TPA and DAG. Co-transfection experiments showed that P K D a and PKDp affected marker expression to the same degree and similarly opposed the effects of elevated extracellular calcium-induced differentiation on marker expression. Our work represents the first demonstration of: 1) down-modulation o f PKD during differentiation, 2) pro-proliferative/anti-differentiative effects of PKD on keratinocyte marker expression and 3) existence of a splice variant of PKD. | |
dc.relation.url | http://search.proquest.com/docview/305097688?accountid=12365 | en |
dc.rights | Copyright protected. Unauthorized reproduction or use beyond the exceptions granted by the Fair Use clause of U.S. Copyright law may violate federal law. | en |
dc.subject | PKD | en |
dc.subject | Keratinocyte | en |
dc.subject | Calcium | en |
dc.subject | TPA | en |
dc.subject | 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 | en |
dc.title | Protein Kinase D In Keratinocyte Maturation | en |
dc.type | Dissertation | en |
dc.contributor.department | Department of Physiology | en |
dc.description.advisor | Bollag, Wendy B. | en |
dc.description.committee | Chew, Catherine; Johnson, John; Mivechi, Nahid; Hsu, Stephen | en |
dc.description.degree | Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) | en |
refterms.dateFOA | 2021-01-15T20:24:51Z | |
html.description.abstract | The epidermis is important for the body's maintenance of water homeostasis and resistance to environmental stress, and the m ajor cell type of the epidermis is the keratinocyte. Keratinocyte maturation requires proliferation, followed by terminal differentiation, and diseases of the skin often exhibit deregulated epidermal maturation. Protein kinase D (PKD) expression correlates with proliferation in keratinocytes, and PKD activation occurs in response to mitogen stimulation in other cell types. W e have hypothesized that PKD functions as a pro-proliferative and/or anti-differentiative signal in primary mouse keratinocytes and have predicted that agents that stimulate differentiation might also initiate a reduction in PKD expression and/or activation to allow differentiation to proceed. Thus, changes in PKD levels, autophosphorylation and activity were analyzed upon treatment with differentiating agents and with 1 2 -0 - tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, TPA, which stimulates differentiation acutely and proliferation chronically. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 -, elevated extracellular calcium-, and acute TPA-induced differentiation down-modulated PKD levels and autophosphorylation at serine 916. In addition, elevated extracellular calcium- and acute TPA-induced differentiation down-modulated PKD activity. Chronic TPA treatment stimulated proliferation and caused a recovery o f PKD levels, autophosphorylation and activity. In co-transfection experiments in keratinocytes, co-expression of PKD increased and decreased the promoter activities of keratin 5, a marker of proliferation, and involucrin, a marker of differentiation, respectively, and opposed the effects of elevated extracellular calcium on the expression of these markers. W hile cloning PKD for expression studies, we identified a splice variant of PKD, PKD{3, which is differentially spliced in a region important in activation and subcellular localization. Therefore, we hypothesized that this splice variant may have dissimilar activation properties and/or alternate roles in keratinocyte maturation. However, in vitro activation studies demonstrated equal activation of PK D a (full length) and PKDj3 by TPA and DAG. Co-transfection experiments showed that P K D a and PKDp affected marker expression to the same degree and similarly opposed the effects of elevated extracellular calcium-induced differentiation on marker expression. Our work represents the first demonstration of: 1) down-modulation o f PKD during differentiation, 2) pro-proliferative/anti-differentiative effects of PKD on keratinocyte marker expression and 3) existence of a splice variant of PKD. |