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    Diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines.

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    Authors
    Hirota, Masahiko
    Takada, Tadahiro
    Kawarada, Yoshifumi
    Nimura, Yuji
    Miura, Fumihiko
    Hirata, Koichi
    Mayumi, Toshihiko
    Yoshida, Masahiro
    Strasberg, Steven M
    Pitt, Henry A
    Gadacz, Thomas R
    de Santibanes, Eduardo
    Gouma, Dirk J
    Solomkin, Joseph S
    Belghiti, Jacques
    Neuhaus, Horst
    Fan, Sheung-Tat
    Ker, Chen-Guo
    Padbury, Robert T
    Liau, Kui-Hin
    Hilvano, Serafin C
    Belli, Giulio
    Windsor, John A
    Dervenis, Christos
    Büchler, Markus W
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    Issue Date
    2007-01-25
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10675.2/103
    
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    Abstract
    The aim of this article is to propose new criteria for the diagnosis and severity assessment of acute cholecystitis, based on a systematic review of the literature and a consensus of experts. A working group reviewed articles with regard to the diagnosis and treatment of acute cholecystitis and extracted the best current available evidence. In addition to the evidence and face-to-face discussions, domestic consensus meetings were held by the experts in order to assess the results. A provisional outcome statement regarding the diagnostic criteria and criteria for severity assessment was discussed and finalized during an International Consensus Meeting held in Tokyo 2006. Patients exhibiting one of the local signs of inflammation, such as Murphy's sign, or a mass, pain or tenderness in the right upper quadrant, as well as one of the systemic signs of inflammation, such as fever, elevated white blood cell count, and elevated C-reactive protein level, are diagnosed as having acute cholecystitis. Patients in whom suspected clinical findings are confirmed by diagnostic imaging are also diagnosed with acute cholecystitis. The severity of acute cholecystitis is classified into three grades, mild (grade I), moderate (grade II), and severe (grade III). Grade I (mild acute cholecystitis) is defined as acute cholecystitis in a patient with no organ dysfunction and limited disease in the gallbladder, making cholecystectomy a low-risk procedure. Grade II (moderate acute cholecystitis) is associated with no organ dysfunction but there is extensive disease in the gallbladder, resulting in difficulty in safely performing a cholecystectomy. Grade II disease is usually characterized by an elevated white blood cell count; a palpable, tender mass in the right upper abdominal quadrant; disease duration of more than 72 h; and imaging studies indicating significant inflammatory changes in the gallbladder. Grade III (severe acute cholecystitis) is defined as acute cholecystitis with organ dysfunction.
    Citation
    J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2007 Jan 30; 14(1):78-82
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1007/s00534-006-1159-4
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    Department of Surgery: Faculty Research and Presentations

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